Enhanced Seismic Retrofitting and Performance Assessment for Cripple Walls Using Modern Materials and Computational Methods

This study presents an advanced investigation into the seismic performance and retrofitting strategies for cripple walls, focusing on the integration of modern materials and computational techniques. Cripple walls, common in pre-1960 residential buildings, are highly vulnerable to seismic forces, often leading to soft-story collapses. This research builds on earlier experimental studies by incorporating state-of-the-art materials such as fiber-reinforced composites and advanced retrofitting solutions. The study also utilizes computational simulations, including finite element modeling and machine learning-based predictive tools, to evaluate the dynamic behavior and failure mechanisms under varied loading scenarios, including ordinary and near-fault ground motions. The experimental program is expanded to explore the impact of material enhancements, structural configurations, and environmental factors on lateral strength, deformation limits, and seismic toughness. Results demonstrate significant improvements in lateral stiffness and strength when using modern retrofitting techniques compared to conventional methods. Computational models validate experimental findings, offering insights into optimizing retrofit designs for varying building typologies and seismic intensities. The findings contribute to the development of performance-based design guidelines, emphasizing resilience and cost-effectiveness. This research bridges the gap between experimental studies and advanced computational approaches, offering a comprehensive framework for enhancing the seismic safety of cripple walls in existing and new constructions.